David Domoney

Tag: trees

  • Love Your Garden: Series 9, episode 1

    Love Your Garden: Series 9, episode 1

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    This spectacular build boasts some of the largest trees we have ever put into any of the Love Your Garden designs. There were an incredible six of them to go into this garden, with a marvellous finish. Using both trees and textured plants not only adds height and structure to your garden, but amazing colour and foliage too.

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    You can get the look by going for garden greenery and this range of decorative designs.  

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    Fabulous foliage

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    Bold foliaged plants offer a range of texture to the garden, that can really give it that extra dimension.

    Using a mixture of these creates a dynamic design that has the ability to bring your garden to life. For something to add a little bit of height within the garden areas, Phormium tenax ‘Variegatum’ harbours a sword-like foliage of green to gold vertical stripes to add a great deal of architectural shape to the garden as well.

    A companion plant that adds great greenery to this garden is the Alchemilla mollis.

    This flower possesses a green-golden hue, appearing as much like foliage as the plant itself.

    The real magic with this herbaceous perennial spreader is the way in which the surface tension on the leaf has the ability to hold water globules, like little pearls that don’t just roll off, but sit on the leaf and reflect beautifully in the sunlight–a marvellous plant for visual impact.

    Creating avenues in your garden using trees is something that landscapers have been doing for years and makes a real statement. Here, it gives the feeling as if you’re actually walking through the garden rather than a simple path.

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    Those bowed Carpinus (hornbeam trees) really did the business. For me, it felt as if it was similar to the Truffula trees you expect to read in ‘The Lorax’ by Dr. Suess. They were remarkable and added a great feel to the garden itself.

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    Colour combinations

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    I really enjoyed planting up quite a simple colour palette in the garden itself. Many people have a tendency to underestimate foliage as an essential part of the garden–generally opting for flowers over foliage.

    Here we used several plant varieties that add texture, depth and effect in the garden without needing to produce a whole lot of flowers or competing colours.

    The tones we ended up with breathe a breath of fresh air to the overall look.

    Variety Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald Gaiety’ possesses a lovely dark green centre to the leaf with splashes of white around the outer part of the foliage.

    It works really well as a low shrub in the garden, but if it grows towards a wall and hits the wall it will grow up and become a climber itself.

    Combine this with some stunning silver foliage plants that offer sensory embellishment too, such as Stachys byzantina, commonly known as lambs’ ear. I remember as a kid stroking the leaf with my thumb, feeling soft and hairy like that of the animal.

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    Contrast this in with Senecio ‘Angel Wings’ which has a beautiful bright silver vegetation. With quite a lot of white flower planting in there, the combination of foliage textures in silvers, whites and greens makes for a stunning effect. 

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    Perfect Patio

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    Of course, on the patio, we gave a real pop of colour using geranium ‘Calliope’, a marvellous plant that keeps flowering from the moment it starts in spring right the way through, almost to November and the first frost.

    I planted these in containers, just over by the outdoor dining area which was a welcome addition.

    Other planting in the garden comprised of meadow plants, which arrived in large turf rolls of delicate wildflowers, which when established look superb and are great for our pollinators because there’s a large variety of nectar sources concentrated in one spot.

    You can buy these in strips, like you would buy rolls of turf, but are in fact wildflowers and when they establish look superb and are great for the butterflies, birds and bees.

    We also included Primulas around the base of Alan’s water feature.

    Water is a brilliant addition to the garden, giving momentum and sound. We finished it off around the outside with pebbles which worked really well.

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    One of the structural effects to get the look in the garden was the panelled fence which we put up along the back with the outdoor kitchen.

    This gave a smart and sophisticated finish and with its light grey colour, brightened up the garden rather than that of traditional wood fencing.

    Finished off with the beautiful paving from Pavestone. The strength and durability of porcelain paving replicating the natural beauty and warmth of timber without all the inherent problems associated with a wooden deck.

    The garden itself had this real sense of being full of ornamental features, without feeling claustrophobic and cluttered with colour.

    Lovely pops of greens and silvers with the additional colour of the patio gave it a great sense of depth adding to the overall effect of the garden–delightful.

    See you here next week for episode two – 3rd September at 8pm!

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hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”#d3d1d1″ top_margin=”20px” bottom_margin=”20px” border_size=”2″ icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center” /][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”false” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” 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    Read my latest Sunday Mirror article here:

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”false”][fusion_text]

    Or check out my Pinterest board for more ideas:

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”false” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_6″ layout=”1_6″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” 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last=”false” border_position=”all” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”false” spacing_right=””][fusion_imageframe image_id=”44113|full” max_width=”” style_type=”none” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”none” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”grow-your-own-garnish” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://new.daviddomoney.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/outdoor-lighting.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][fusion_separator style_type=”none” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”30px” bottom_margin=”” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center” /][fusion_button link=”https://new.daviddomoney.com/sunday-mirror-article-outdoor-lighting/” text_transform=”” title=”” target=”_self” link_attributes=”” alignment=”center” modal=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” color=”custom” button_gradient_top_color=”rgba(1,149,51,0)” button_gradient_bottom_color=”rgba(1,149,51,0)” button_gradient_top_color_hover=”#0e540f” button_gradient_bottom_color_hover=”#0e540f” accent_color=”#0e540f” accent_hover_color=”#ffffff” type=”” bevel_color=”” size=”large” stretch=”yes” icon=”” icon_position=”left” icon_divider=”no” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” border_color=”#0e540f” border_hover_color=”#ffffff” border_top=”3px” border_right=”3px” border_bottom=”3px” border_left=”3px” border_radius_top_left=”0px” border_radius_top_right=”0px” border_radius_bottom_right=”0px” border_radius_bottom_left=”0px”]Outdoor Lighting 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  • How do I remove tree roots and stumps from the garden?

    How do I remove tree roots and stumps from the garden?

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    Sometimes, removing trees is an essential need for your garden space. Once the tree has been cut down, however, it is best, if you can, to remove the stump and tree roots too. Find out some of the best methods to do so safely and effectively.

    [/fusion_text][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Trees are wonderful to have to grow in a garden. As they can be a haven for wildlife and provide shade for us to sit under during intense periods of heat. Also, they often delight with several seasons of interest.

    However, there are times when trees need to be removed.  A previous owner may have planted an inappropriately sized tree too close to the house with a risk of damaging foundations. The tree may have developed a disease that threatens other plants in the garden, such as honey fungus. Or your tree may simply be casting too much dense shade in your and your neighbour’s gardens.  Whatever the reason for felling the tree, it’s often important to, where possible, also remove the tree stump and roots.

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    Some trees, such as Robinia pseudoacacia (Black locust) will re-sprout from a tree stump and grow away very quickly.

    Other trees may have been diseased.  Spores from a diseased tree’s stump and roots can spread to other trees and plants.

    Both scenarios are good reasons for removing a felled tree’s stump and roots.

    Smaller stumps can often be removed by digging, but larger or tougher specimens may require specialist machinery to grind the stump to sawdust.

    Or you may want to use a product designed to kill off regrowth and help speed up the natural process of decomposition.

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    Stump grinder

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    Stump grinding machines can either be rented if you want to do it yourself, or, alternatively you can employ a tree surgeon or landscape contractor to do the job for you.

    Either way it’s important to let the hire company or contractor know the exact dimensions of the stump. This enables them to supply the correct machine for the job.

    If you decide to do the job yourself, take the time to thoroughly acquaint yourself with how the machine works and all safety features and instructions supplied before using it.

    The machine does what it says, grinds the stump into sawdust particles. And so it’s a good idea to think ahead as to what to do with the accumulated sawdust before you start the process.  If the tree removed was diseased you should bag up the sawdust and take it to your local recycling facility and not use it in the garden.

    Sawdust from healthy trees can be used in the garden, spread around the base of plants as a mulch.

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    Stump decomposition

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    Specialist products designed to speed up the process of stump decomposition work in a similar way to weed killers and should be used with caution. Especially if you are keen to have a healthy, wildlife population in the garden. Never be tempted to use more than the manufacturer’s recommended dose.

    By preventing regrowth these products can help speed up the lengthy process of natural decomposition. They work best on freshly cut, dry stumps, so avoid using after heavy rainfall.

    Pre-drilling holes into the top of a wide trunk stump and pouring the product into these holes can also help speed up decomposition.

    For smaller stumps that you’ve been unable to dig out, dilute the product with water in a container. And, wearing gloves to protect your skin, use a paintbrush to apply the product onto the stump’s cut surface.

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    Chainsaw

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    If you’re competent using a chain saw and don’t need to remove the stump completely, then one option is to remove soil from around the stump’s base, cut the stump down as low to the ground as possible.

    And then cut criss-cross slices into the stump about 6”/15cm below the soil surface.

    Bear in mind though that this can often break or damage the chain!

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    Mini or micro digger

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    If you have side or rear access to the garden and know how to operate a mini digger, this machinery can make quick and light work of pulling out a stump.

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    Winch

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    Smaller stumps can often be pulled out with a winch, in which case the tree trunk should be cut off at around 1 metre height, rather than at ground level.

    This gives the winch mechanism something to attach to.

    Winches can be hired, but safety training would be needed before use.

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scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”false”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”100166|full” aspect_ratio=”” custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ aspect_ratio_position=”” skip_lazy_load=”” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” sticky_max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” magnify_full_img=”” magnify_duration=”120″ scroll_height=”100″ scroll_speed=”1″ margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” 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display_time=”1200″ highlight_effect=”circle” loop_animation=”off” highlight_width=”9″ highlight_top_margin=”0″ before_text=”” rotation_text=”” highlight_text=”” after_text=”” title_link=”off” link_url=”” link_target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” content_align_medium=”” content_align_small=”” content_align=”center” size=”2″ animated_font_size=”” fusion_font_family_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_title_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” animated_text_color=”” text_shadow=”no” text_shadow_vertical=”” text_shadow_horizontal=”” text_shadow_blur=”0″ text_shadow_color=”” text_stroke=”no” text_stroke_size=”1″ text_stroke_color=”” text_overflow=”none” margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” 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    Digging out

    [/fusion_title][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ layout=”1_2″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Removing the stump by hand will save a lot of money but takes time and is hard work!

    Dig out the soil from around the stump to expose the larger tree roots which will then need to be cut, using either a hand saw (if they’re substantial size) or loppers for thinner roots.  A pry bar is also useful for manoeuvring roots into position for cutting.

    Cut the roots into smaller sections and remove as many as possible from the area surrounding the stump.

    The next step is to lever the stump up out of the ground using a combination of the pry bar and a garden spade.  Some roots may remain after removal which should eventually rot down.

    [/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=”default” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” flex_grow=”0″ top_margin=”” bottom_margin=”” width=”” height=”20″ alignment=”center” border_size=”” weight=”” amount=”” sep_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” icon=”” icon_size=”” icon_color=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” /][fusion_imageframe image_id=”100167|full” aspect_ratio=”” custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ aspect_ratio_position=”” skip_lazy_load=”” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” sticky_max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” magnify_full_img=”” magnify_duration=”120″ scroll_height=”100″ scroll_speed=”1″ margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” z_index=”” caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title=”” caption_text=”” caption_title_tag=”2″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”” caption_title_size=”” caption_title_line_height=”” caption_title_letter_spacing=”” caption_title_transform=”” caption_title_color=”” caption_background_color=”” fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”” caption_text_size=”” caption_text_line_height=”” caption_text_letter_spacing=”” caption_text_transform=”” caption_text_color=”” caption_border_color=”” caption_overlay_color=”” caption_margin_top=”” caption_margin_right=”” caption_margin_bottom=”” caption_margin_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://new.daviddomoney.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/6-digging-out-a-tree-stump.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_separator style_type=”default” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”10″ bottom_margin=”10″ border_size=”0″ icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center” /][fusion_title title_type=”text” rotation_effect=”bounceIn” display_time=”1200″ highlight_effect=”circle” loop_animation=”off” highlight_width=”9″ highlight_top_margin=”0″ before_text=”” rotation_text=”” highlight_text=”” after_text=”” title_link=”off” link_url=”” link_target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” content_align_medium=”” content_align_small=”” content_align=”center” size=”2″ animated_font_size=”” fusion_font_family_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_title_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” animated_text_color=”” text_shadow=”no” text_shadow_vertical=”” text_shadow_horizontal=”” text_shadow_blur=”0″ text_shadow_color=”” text_stroke=”no” text_stroke_size=”1″ text_stroke_color=”” text_overflow=”none” margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” margin_top_mobile=”” margin_bottom_mobile=”” gradient_font=”no” gradient_start_color=”” gradient_end_color=”” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ highlight_color=”” style_type=”single solid” sep_color=”” link_color=”” link_hover_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=””]

    Rotting

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    Another option is to cut the stump level with the ground, sever roots joined to it and remove as many as possible.

    Then cover the stump with soil and just leave it.

    Hopefully in a couple of years the stump will have decomposed enough to start removing chunks of it using a spade or axe.

    Alternatively you could just leave it for the soil microorganisms to continue breaking it down naturally.

    [/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_separator style_type=”default” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”10″ bottom_margin=”10″ border_size=”0″ icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center” /][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”none” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Choose the best method for you and your garden when you choose to remove tree stumps and roots.

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    Find out some great autumn and winter lawncare advice:

    [/fusion_text][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_imageframe image_id=”51814|large” aspect_ratio=”” custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ aspect_ratio_position=”” skip_lazy_load=”” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”” link=”https://new.daviddomoney.com/top-tips-how-to-feed-and-aerate-lawn-in-autumn-and-winter/” linktarget=”_blank” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” sticky_max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”none” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” magnify_full_img=”” magnify_duration=”120″ scroll_height=”100″ scroll_speed=”1″ margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” z_index=”” caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title=”” caption_text=”” caption_title_tag=”2″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”” caption_title_size=”” caption_title_line_height=”” caption_title_letter_spacing=”” caption_title_transform=”” caption_title_color=”” caption_background_color=”” fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”” caption_text_size=”” caption_text_line_height=”” caption_text_letter_spacing=”” caption_text_transform=”” caption_text_color=”” caption_border_color=”” caption_overlay_color=”” caption_margin_top=”” caption_margin_right=”” caption_margin_bottom=”” caption_margin_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://new.daviddomoney.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Autumn-and-winter-lawn-care-feature-500×750.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_6″ layout=”1_6″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” spacing=”” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” link=”” target=”_self” link_description=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” type_medium=”” type_small=”” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ dimension_spacing_medium=”” dimension_spacing_small=”” dimension_spacing=”” dimension_margin_medium=”” dimension_margin_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_medium=”” padding_small=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” hover_type=”none” border_sizes=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_radius=”” box_shadow=”no” dimension_box_shadow=”” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ box_shadow_color=”” box_shadow_style=”” z_index_subgroup=”regular” z_index=”” z_index_hover=”” overflow=”” background_type=”single” gradient_start_color=”” gradient_end_color=”” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ background_color=”” background_image=”” background_image_id=”” lazy_load=”none” skip_lazy_load=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” render_logics=”” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_offset=”” filter_type=”regular” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ 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hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” 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    Or check out my Pinterest board for more ideas:

    [/fusion_text][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” border_sizes_top=”0″ border_sizes_bottom=”0″ border_sizes_left=”0″ border_sizes_right=”0″ first=”true” spacing_right=””][fusion_imageframe image_id=”46490|full” aspect_ratio=”” custom_aspect_ratio=”100″ aspect_ratio_position=”” sticky_max_width=”” skip_lazy_load=”” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”Pinterest” link=”https://www.pinterest.co.uk/daviddomoney/winter-garden/” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”none” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title_medium=”” caption_title_small=”” caption_title=”” caption_text=”” caption_title_color=”” caption_title_tag=”2″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”” caption_title_size=”” caption_title_transform=”” caption_text_color=”” caption_background_color=”” fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”” caption_text_size=”” caption_text_transform=”” caption_border_color=”” caption_overlay_color=”” caption_margin_top=”” caption_margin_right=”” caption_margin_bottom=”” caption_margin_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https://new.daviddomoney.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Spring-board-pinterest.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

  • Plants for a Purpose – Tall plants for a shaded spot

    Plants for a Purpose – Tall plants for a shaded spot

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    Shady areas of the garden have a reputation as being difficult to make look good. But, contrary to popular belief, there are plenty to choose from to turn a lifeless-looking area into an inviting, pretty space.

    Like all gardens, it’s a good idea to include plants of varying heights and widths in order to make the space look interesting.

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    Trees

    [/fusion_title][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ layout=”1_2″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” spacing=”” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” link=”” target=”_self” link_description=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” type_medium=”” type_small=”” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ dimension_spacing_medium=”” dimension_spacing_small=”” dimension_spacing=”” dimension_margin_medium=”” dimension_margin_small=”” dimension_margin=”” padding_medium=”” padding_small=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” hover_type=”none” border_sizes=”” border_color_hover=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_radius=”” box_shadow=”no” dimension_box_shadow=”” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ box_shadow_color=”” box_shadow_style=”” z_index_hover=”” z_index=”” overflow=”” background_type=”single” gradient_start_color=”” gradient_end_color=”” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ background_color_medium=”” background_color_small=”” background_color_hover=”” background_color=”” background_image_medium=”” background_image_small=”” background_image=”” background_image_id_medium=”” background_image_id_small=”” background_image_id=”” lazy_load=”none” skip_lazy_load=”” background_position_medium=”” background_position_small=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat_medium=”” background_repeat_small=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_size_medium=”” background_size_small=”” background_size=”” background_custom_size=”” background_custom_size_medium=”” background_custom_size_small=”” background_blend_mode_medium=”” background_blend_mode_small=”” background_blend_mode=”none” render_logics=”” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_offset=”” absolute=”off” absolute_props=”” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transform_origin=”” transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” transition_custom_easing=”” motion_effects=”” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    If the area is shaded by tall buildings or hedging, planting the right type of tree can help block the view of the buildings. Additionally, in the process, they help to create a private, peaceful spot.

    Plus, if your garden is in full sun you might actually want to create a shady area!

    Trees also help filter out noise and air pollution, as well as being a haven for birds and other types of wildlife.

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    Before choosing a tree assess whether the area is lightly, moderately, or deeply shaded as this will affect the type of tree that will grow well.

    Most trees thrive in light or part-shaded areas.

    Just make sure you choose one that doesn’t have a dense leaf canopy, with branches growing close together, as this can make the space feel oppressive.

    Trees like Birch, Kousa Dogwood and June Berry have light, airy open canopies, and often more than one season of interest.

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    Amelanchier leaves ‘Snowflakes’ (June berry)

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    This tree is covered in clusters of larger-than-average white flowers in spring, followed by edible berries in the summer, but you’d need to pick them before the birds do!

    Finally, in autumn, the leaves turn beautiful shades of red and yellow before falling to the ground, making this a wonderful tree for a partly shaded spot.

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    • Flowers March to April
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 600cm tall and 600cm wide
    • Well-drained soil
    • Sun to part shade
    • Exposed

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    Trees that grow well in lightly shaded areas will also grow in more shady conditions, but the trade off could be less flowers, and/or less vibrant autumn leaf colour.

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    Prunus lusitanica (Portuguese Laurel)

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    A tree that copes well with more dense shade and poor soil is the Portuguese laurel, with the added advantage of being evergreen and, therefore, providing year round cover for privacy.

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    • Flowers April to May
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 500cm tall and 600cm wide
    • Well-drained soil
    • Deep shade to full sun
    • Exposed

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    The dark green, shiny leaves and red-coloured new shoots make this a great choice for shady areas.  Portuguese laurels are very versatile and can also be used for hedging or creating specimen topiary trees.

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    Herbaceous Perennials

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    Adding taller, shade-loving perennials to grow above-ground cover plants is a great way of adding height and texture to your planting scheme.  Most shade-loving perennials prefer consistently moist soil to grow well.

    Therefore, if your soil tends to be on the dry side, water the plants in well after planting.

    Then add a good layer of mulch on top of the soil around the plants to help retain soil moisture.

    Choose perennials that will flower from early to late summer to maximise interest in your shady border.

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    Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard)

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    An easy-to-grow, trouble-free, large, tough plant, which will flower from late spring into early/mid-summer producing masses of tall, creamy white flower spires.

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    • Flowers June to July
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 180cm tall and 150cm wide
    • Soil that stays moist
    • Light to deep shade
    • Exposed

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    Acanthus mollis (Bear’s breeches)

    [/fusion_text][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Bear’s breeches are good-looking plants that are also easy to grow.

    These easy-going, impact-making plants, reach heights of around 150cm when in flower. Also, they have deeply cut, dark green, shiny, serrated leaves with purple-white flowering stems.

    They have the added bonus of being drought resistant and generally not eaten by slugs and snails!

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    • Flowers June to August
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 150cm tall and 90cm wide
    • Well-drained soil
    • Light to deep shade
    • Exposed

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animation_offset=”” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Anemone x hybrida ‘Honorine Jobert’ (Japanese anemone)

    [/fusion_text][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    For late season interest Japanese anemones are a great choice for a shady part of the garden and look wonderful planted en masse.

    Their flower colours range from pure white to magenta pink, with the white flowering varieties showing up well in shade.

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    • Flowers August to September
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 90cm tall and 75cm wide
    • Most moist, well-drained soil types
    • Light shade
    • Exposed

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    An elegant looking plant that produces beautiful, single, white flowers from late summer until early autumn on tall stems.  If planted in spring they are likely to flower that same year.

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    Shrubs

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    Shrubs are plants that develop a permanent woody structure and can help provide year-round interest to a shady part of the garden.

    Taller examples of evergreen shrubs with scented flowers are mahonia and osmanthus.

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    Osmanthus delavayi (Osmanthus)

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    A spring flowering shrub that produces masses of small, white, scented flowers on arching branches in spring and, for that reason, is best planted near a path to fully appreciate the delightful scent.

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    • Flowers April to May
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 300cm tall and 400cm wide
    • Most moist, well-drained, moderately fertile soil
    • Light shade
    • Exposed

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    Hydrangea paniculata ‘Great Star’

    [/fusion_text][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” fusion_font_family_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_text_font=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_transform=”” text_color=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_color=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ animation_offset=”” logics=””]

    Hydrangeas are a good choice if looking for colourful flowers over a long period of time.  They aren’t evergreen but, keeping the spent flowerheads on the shrub not only protects the new flower buds from the worst of winter weather, but also provides visual interest over winter.

    Just snip them off in February/March before the new flowering buds start to develop.

    The star-shape flowers on this large shrub are pure white and scented, appearing from late summer into autumn when they turn pink!  The flowers also make great cut flowers.

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    • Flowers April to May
    • Hardy
    • Grows to 150cm tall and 100cm wide
    • Most moist, well-drained, moderately fertile soil
    • Part shade
    • Exposed

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    Hydrangea flowers react to your soil type, turning pink if the soil is alkaline and blue if it’s more acidic, worth bearing in mind when making your choice as the blue flower plant you see in the garden centre/plant nursery may turn out to be pink flowering in your garden!

    If you’re unsure of your soil type choosing a white flower variety might be a good idea!  Plus white flowers show up very well in a shady area.

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    By choosing any of these plants, you can add a little privacy and protection from the summer sun. This can help you enjoy your garden even more through the warmer months!

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    To find out more about growing hydrangeas, read this blog answering commonly asked questions!

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    Or check out my Pinterest board for more ideas:

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linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” max_width=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” mask=”” custom_mask=”” mask_size=”” mask_custom_size=”” mask_position=”” mask_custom_position=”” mask_repeat=”” style_type=”none” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hue=”” saturation=”” lightness=”” alpha=”” hover_type=”none” margin_top_medium=”” margin_right_medium=”” margin_bottom_medium=”” margin_left_medium=”” margin_top_small=”” margin_right_small=”” margin_bottom_small=”” margin_left_small=”” margin_top=”” margin_right=”” margin_bottom=”” margin_left=”” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” caption_style=”off” caption_align_medium=”none” caption_align_small=”none” caption_align=”none” caption_title_medium=”” caption_title_small=”” caption_title=”” caption_text=”” caption_title_color=”” caption_title_tag=”2″ fusion_font_family_caption_title_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_title_font=”” caption_title_size=”” caption_title_transform=”” caption_text_color=”” caption_background_color=”” fusion_font_family_caption_text_font=”” fusion_font_variant_caption_text_font=”” caption_text_size=”” caption_text_transform=”” caption_border_color=”” caption_overlay_color=”” caption_margin_top=”” caption_margin_right=”” caption_margin_bottom=”” caption_margin_left=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ 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